國二課綱裡的「中國史」改成「東亞史」後,漸少學生課業的負擔,但目前新課綱並未更動高中歷史課本,未來恐導致學生在銜接課程上難以適應。 面對108國中新課綱引發的爭議,教育部長潘文忠對此表示「歷史的課綱並沒有所謂去中國化,各個分域、區域之間的互動性,以及他的交互影響是非常密切」。 有些大學生認為,亙古至今的古人可能就會被無視,對此感到可惜;但也有大學生認為沒有差別,若學生對歷史有興趣,會自發性查詢相關知識,國文課本也會教授。 國中二年級的歷史課本中,在108課綱內文大幅刪減。 課文中從商周時期至隋唐政權轉移,卻以4頁精簡帶過;而唐朝時代的武則天、唐玄宗等,具有代表性的歷史人物也在課文中刪除;除此之外,歷時369年的魏晉南北朝,俗稱「三國史」,也只以4行字解釋曹魏時期的九品官人法。 「認識臺灣」二十多年後,課本裡究竟都有誰?
獨中的中國歷史課綱從周、秦、漢、魏晉南北朝、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清朝,一直講述到了中華人民共和國的成立與發展。 108課綱歷史課本 200多頁薄薄的課本,描寫了中國近3000年的一生。 馬來西亞如今主流的中學教育劃分為國立與獨立兩種。 國立中學的課綱由教育部制定,內容以本土歷史為主,涵蓋了馬來西亞歷史、伊斯蘭教史,與少部分的古文明和世界歷史。
108課綱歷史課本: //109會考 歷史第三冊/年表精華整理
對於歷史新課綱有老師感到憂心,提到若歷史課本內容刪減,將影響學生學習國文課本中的古代文學;像是古人蘇東坡受到宋朝黨爭影響一路遭貶官;若學生不瞭解史實,當學習國語課本裡的古代文學,恐怕淪為賣弄文辭的文青。 其餘「歷Ka-Ⅳ-2」指標探討新時代的文化變遷,「歷 Kb-Ⅳ-1」則是中華民國早期的外交發展。 事實上,中華民國在新課綱中並沒有被消滅,也沒有刻意不談。 吳淡如的女兒與同學不太清楚,很可能只是還沒學到的問題,而不是以後都不會再學到的問題。 吳淡如若以此批判當今的社會教材,就宛如強求國小一年級學生先背誦乘法表、能夠理解分數與除法一般,不是不會,而是時候未到。
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” width=”609px” alt=”108課綱歷史課本”/>
教育部長潘文忠對此表示「歷史的課綱並沒有所謂去中國化,各個分域、區域之間的互動性,以及他的交互影響是非常密切」。 《歷史月刊》與國中歷史教學-以臺灣史教材為中心。 108課綱歷史課本2025 作者試著重新檢討國中歷史課程的變遷,與探討新課綱到底去中國化去了多少,是否讓本國的歷史教育,成為殘缺不齊的去中國化教育。 H.G. Wells所說的話,值得中國當局及負責制訂教科書政策的領導深思。
108課綱歷史課本: 高中課本里的乙未戰爭
這次新課綱並不是以「我是誰」——即第一人稱的視角切入,而是以「發生什麼事」進行切入。 以「軍國」與「帝國」稱呼日本的存在,遣詞遠比過去的「日據」或者「日治」更加深刻譴責二戰時期日本其濫用民族主義與軍事擴張。 相近的歷史也是歐洲各國歷史教育在探討二戰主題所強化的重點,意旨讓國民不再從受害者成為下一個加害者,亦是日後國家壯大為強國後所該警惕的教訓。 108課綱歷史課本2025 而新課綱中,不但沒有移除中華民國的建國史,對於鄰近的強國——中華人民共和國甚至有了更深入的探討。
歷史思考在國、高中歷史教學裡佔13-14%究竟是太多還是太少? 108課綱歷史課本 我不敢斷言,因為這問題見仁見智,但我認為至少已經有了一個可喜的開端。 不過我必須指出,納入「歷史思考」教學有一個重要前提,就是學生在探究、考察歷史之前,要能學到足夠的「歷史事實」知識纔行。 陳水扁擔任總統期間開始推動95課綱,從2006年起開始實施,主要的改變是臺灣史獨立成1冊,原先的中國史及世界史分別從2冊縮減為1.5冊。 臺灣歷史部分佔教科書的篇幅比率由此躍增為25%。
108課綱歷史課本: 世界盃之戰 直播平臺邀全民猜冠軍
至於東亞史及世界史何者為先,我不做建議,因為各有優劣。 但我確信,如果東亞史、世界史都教過,臺灣史就容易教,容易學了。 關於108課綱國文教科書,我在前一篇論述裡直接說十分可喜,也不存在所謂的「去中國化」問題。 對於108課綱必修歷史教科書,我卻也必須直接說其中確實有若干不妥之處,應考慮再修訂。 4、另外我也要指出,108課綱歷史教科書中關於東南亞部分,其實只寫了越南,其他國家如菲律賓、馬來西亞、泰國、印尼、緬甸等國家的歷史卻幾乎不提。 如果考慮到近年來臺灣的數十萬新移民中有許多是從東南亞來的事實,這就更有必要。
報道指,翻開新版中二上學期歷史課本,在「從商周到隋唐的國家與社會」中關於「從部落到封建」的一節,沒有夏朝,只講商朝到西周,600年歷史只用了300字。 「從封建到帝制國家」的一節,也只用800字講述東周到漢末,着墨稍多的是秦始皇和法家之治,接着就跳到漢武帝提倡儒家和薦舉孝廉、曹魏時期的九品中正制選官制度和唐代科舉。 有歷史教師向傳媒表示,新版中二歷史科教材將「中國史」併入「東亞史」,遭指大量簡化中國史內容,中國歷史人物幾乎只提到秦始皇,而漢武帝等人則匆匆帶過,三國、武則天等時期,以及《史記》和《漢書》更是隻字未提,引發爭議。 二、高中歷史老師表示,稱日本為「母國」是該章節以臺灣被日本殖民的歷史情境下的描述,並非整本課本都稱日本為母國。 從強盛的漢朝逐漸式微,之後兩晉、南北朝的分裂,然後纔有了隋唐時期的大一統。 正是從三國開始,中國華夏民族確立了想要擁有一個統一王朝、而非只有分裂割據的局面。
108課綱歷史課本: 國際熱門新聞
我個人十分贊同這樣的概念,因為這關係到我們學校裡教出來的學生是不是有起碼的獨立思考能力。 胡適先生曾經主張,做學問要「在不疑處有疑」,也是同樣的著眼點。 例如:在國、高中的翰林版、南一版、龍騰版、三民版等歷史課本,已有「探究活動」、「歷史考察」、「想想Bar」、「歷史探查」、「歷史閱讀趣」、「歷史追追追」之類題材,都是「歷史思考」。 108課綱歷史課本2025 在108高中歷史課綱推出之前,有一部份大學教授、中學老師已經建議,歷史課程不應再像從前那樣只是用於灌輸知識,宣傳道德或強化認同。
- 進一步探討國中課綱:國中社會二年級歷史為中國為主的東亞史,架構依然類似過去九貫課綱中關於中國史的部分。
- 更明白地說,並不是臺灣史單獨成冊,東亞史裡就不需要放進臺灣史。
- 作者試著重新檢討國中歷史課程的變遷,與探討新課綱到底去中國化去了多少,是否讓本國的歷史教育,成為殘缺不齊的去中國化教育。
- 然後,才說到日本自己的彌生文化及邪馬臺國如何出現。
- 學生可以透過分工合作,學習設定主題、蒐集資料的能力,並用角色扮演體會歷史人物的心境,也可以結合課堂上的歷史知識,加深學習成效。
在108課綱中,歷史實作的內容被視為相當重要的,如何透過像是歷史報紙、策畫展覽會、臺灣社會診察單,培養融合資訊、美術能力,培養多視角陳述歷史、多層面策展能力。 以前的歷史課本,是用庶民的角度寫菁英人物的故事。 雖然不能反映歷史全貌,但至少學生覺得有趣。 現在新課綱,則是用菁英的角度,論述庶民的歷史,學生倒盡胃口。 為了鼓勵作者持續創作更好的內容,會員可以使用「贊助」功能實質回饋給喜愛的作者。
108課綱歷史課本: 教材服務
吳淡如沒有深入地理解臺灣當今課綱,而是純粹以自己孩子與其同學的回應的個人經驗,誤以為當今教材錯誤與失敗,這是因為她沒有客觀求證教材編排順序與內涵。 嘉大歷史系教授吳昆財更是喪失了身為學者應該有的求真精神,說歷史教改不以年表做介紹造成學生混淆時序,然而課綱早已建議課本教材還須以年表做為呈現。 108課綱歷史課本2025 以吳淡如女兒所在的國小學制來說,新課綱尚未實施,必須回顧九年一貫教材裡並沒有特別提到中華民國的建立,而是強調本土歷史。 雖無在小五以後塞入各國歷史,但課綱也對於中國的文化依然要有相當程度的認識,並無去中化的事實。 在龍騰版教科書與三民版教科書裏,乙未戰爭則有一定的篇幅。